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RELX

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the employment agency, see <a href="Reed_(company)" title="Reed (company)">Reed (company)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">RELX plc</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Reed Elsevier plc (1993–2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">LSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonstockexchange.com/stock/REL//">REL</a></li><li><a href="Euronext_Amsterdam" title="Euronext Amsterdam">Euronext Amsterdam</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euronext.com/products/equities/GB00B2B0DG97-XAMS/quotes">REN</a></li><li><a href="New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:RELX">RELX</a> (<a href="American_Depositary_Receipt" class="mw-redirect" title="American Depositary Receipt">ADR</a>)</li><li><a href="FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100</a> component</li><li><a href="AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text external" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=GB00B2B0DG97">GB00B2B0DG97</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Information and analytics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></li><li>Reed International PLC</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1993 (1993-08) (by merger)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="London" title="London">London</a>, England, UK</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Paul_Walker_(businessman)" title="Paul Walker (businessman)">Paul Ashton Walker</a> (<a href="Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairperson</a>)</li><li><a href="Erik_Engstr%C3%B6m" title="Erik Engström">Erik Engström</a> (<a href="Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li><li>Nick Luff (<a href="Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CFO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">Information and data analytics, <a href="Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">academic</a> and business publishing, exhibitions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"> £9.434 billion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"> £2.861 billion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"> £1.934 billion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> £15.13 billion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> £3.481 billion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> 36,400 (2024)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></li><li><a href="LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">LexisNexis</a></li><li>RX</li><li><a href="LexisNexis_Risk_Solutions" title="LexisNexis Risk Solutions">LexisNexis Risk Solutions</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.relx.com">www.relx.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

RELX plc (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> information and analytics company headquartered in <a href="London" title="London">London</a>, England. Its businesses provide <a href="Scientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific">scientific</a>, technical and <a href="Medical" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical">medical</a> information and analytics; legal information and analytics; decision-making tools; and organise exhibitions. It operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over 180 nations.<a href="#cite_note-20F2017-3">[3]</a> It was previously known as Reed Elsevier, and came into being in 1993 as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.

The company is publicly listed, with shares traded on the <a href="London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>, <a href="Amsterdam_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam Stock Exchange">Amsterdam Stock Exchange</a> and <a href="New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> (ticker symbols: London: REL, Amsterdam: REN, New York: RELX). The company is one of the constituents of the <a href="FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100 Index</a>, <a href="AEX_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="AEX Index">AEX Index</a>, <a href="Financial_Times_Global_500" title="Financial Times Global 500">Financial Times Global 500</a> and <a href="Euronext_100" title="Euronext 100">Euronext 100</a> Index.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

The company, which was previously known as Reed Elsevier, came into being in 1993, as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and <a href="Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The company re-branded itself as RELX in February 2015.<a href="#cite_note-rename-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reed_International">Reed International</h3></div>

In 1895, <a href="Albert_Edwin_Reed" title="Albert Edwin Reed">Albert E. Reed</a> established a <a href="Newsprint" title="Newsprint">newsprint</a> manufacturing operation at <a href="Loose_Stream" title="Loose Stream">Tovil Mill</a> near <a href="Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a>, <a href="Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> The Reed family were <a href="Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodists</a> and encouraged good working conditions for their staff in the then-dangerous print trade.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

In 1965, Reed Group, as it was then known, became a <a href="Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a>, creating its Decorative Products Division with the purchase of <a href="Crown_Paints" title="Crown Paints">Crown Paints</a>, <a href="Polycell_Kingston" class="mw-redirect" title="Polycell Kingston">Polycell</a> and <a href="Arthur_Sanderson_%26_Sons" title="Arthur Sanderson & Sons">Sanderson</a>'s wallpaper and <a href="Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">DIY</a> decorating interests.<a href="#cite_note-sand-8">[8]</a>

In 1970, Reed Group merged with the <a href="Time_Inc._UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Inc. UK">International Publishing Corporation</a> and the company name was changed to Reed International Limited.<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> The company continued to grow by merging with other publishers and produced high quality trade journals as IPC Business Press Ltd and women's and other consumer magazines as IPC magazines Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> Reed entered the United States in 1977 by acquiring Cahners Publications, founded by <a href="Norman_Cahners" title="Norman Cahners">Norman Cahners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

In 1985, the company decided to rationalise its operations, focusing on publishing and selling off its other interests. Sanderson was sold to <a href="WestPoint_Home" title="WestPoint Home">WestPoint Pepperell, Inc.</a> of <a href="Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, that year,<a href="#cite_note-sand-8">[8]</a> while <a href="Crown_Paints" title="Crown Paints">Crown Paint</a> and Polycell were sold to <a href="Williams_Holdings" title="Williams Holdings">Williams Holdings</a> in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The company's paper and packaging production operations were bundled together to form Reedpack and sold to <a href="Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> firm <a href="Cinven" title="Cinven">Cinven</a> in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Reed expanded its publishing by acquiring <a href="Control_Engineering_(magazine)" title="Control Engineering (magazine)">Technical Publishing</a> from <a href="Dun_%26_Bradstreet" title="Dun & Bradstreet">Dun & Bradstreet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsevier_NV">Elsevier NV</h3></div>

In 1880, Jacobus George Robbers started a publishing company called NV Uitgeversmaatschappij Elsevier (Elsevier Publishing Company NV) to publish literary classics and the encyclopedia <a href="Winkler_Prins" title="Winkler Prins">Winkler Prins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> Robbers named the company after the old Dutch printers family <a href="House_of_Elzevir" title="House of Elzevir">Elzevir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> which, for example, published the works of <a href="Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> in 1587. Elsevier NV originally was based in <a href="Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> but moved to <a href="Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> in the late 1880s.<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a>

Up to the 1930s, Elsevier remained a small family-owned publisher, with no more than ten employees. After the war it launched the weekly <a href="Elsevier_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsevier (magazine)">Elsevier</a> magazine, which turned out to be very profitable. A rapid expansion followed. Elsevier Press Inc. started in 1951 in <a href="Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, Texas, USA, and in 1962 publishing offices were opened in London and New York. Multiple mergers in the 1970s led to name changes, settling at "Elsevier Scientific Publishers" in 1979. In 1991, two years before the merger with Reed, Elsevier acquired <a href="Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon Press</a> in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cahners_Publishing">Cahners Publishing</h3></div>

Cahners Publishing, founded by <a href="Norman_Cahners" title="Norman Cahners">Norman Cahners</a>, was the largest U.S. publisher of trade<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> or business magazines as of his death in 1986. Reed International acquired the company in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reed_Elsevier_and_RELX">Reed Elsevier and RELX</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Significant_acquisitions">Significant acquisitions</h4></div>

<th>Division or subsidiary of RELX

</th>

<th style="width: 8em">Date

</th>

<th>Acquisition

</th>

<th>Value

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>Cahners Publishing

</td>

<td>1986-09

</td>

<td>Technical Publishing Inc, a publisher of industrial, medical and technology trade magazines, from <a href="Dun_%26_Bradstreet" title="Dun & Bradstreet">Dun & Bradstreet</a>

</td>

<td><a href="United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>250 million<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Elsevier

</td>

<td>1993-08

</td>

<td><a href="Official_Airline_Guides" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Airline Guides">Official Airline Guides</a> Inc, a publisher of airline schedules

</td>

<td><a href="United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>425 million<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Elsevier

</td>

<td>1994-10

</td>

<td>LexisNexis, an on-line information business

</td>

<td>$1.5 billion<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Elsevier

</td>

<td>1997-03

</td>

<td>MDL Information Systems Inc, a US software systems and information database developer

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Elsevier

</td>

<td>1997-06

</td>

<td>Chilton Business Group, a US business information publishing company

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Elsevier

</td>

<td>1998-04

</td>

<td>Matthew Bender & Company Inc, a US publisher of legal information

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Elsevier

</td>

<td>2000-10

</td>

<td><a href="Harcourt_(publisher)" title="Harcourt (publisher)">Harcourt</a>, an education publishing business

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis

</td>

<td>2004-07

</td>

<td>Seisint of <a href="Boca_Raton%2C_Florida" title="Boca Raton, Florida">Boca Raton, Florida</a>, which provided the company with access to HPCC Systems for the first time

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Elsevier

</td>

<td>2005-05

</td>

<td>Medimedia, a medical publisher whose imprints included <a href="Medicine_Publishing" title="Medicine Publishing">Medicine Publishing</a> and <a href="Masson_(publisher)" title="Masson (publisher)">Masson</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Elsevier

</td>

<td>2008-02

</td>

<td><a href="Choicepoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Choicepoint">Choicepoint</a>, which had been a spinoff of <a href="Equifax" title="Equifax">Equifax</a>'s Insurance Services Group in August 1997. The acquisition was completed in September 2008.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Business Information

</td>

<td>2008-03

</td>

<td>Heren Energy, a London-based publisher of newsletters and market reports on the competitive wholesale energy markets in Britain and Europe. Continued as ICIS Heren.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Business Information

</td>

<td>2011-06

</td>

<td>Ascend, a London-based civil aviation data analytics company<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Elsevier

</td>

<td>2011-11

</td>

<td>US online-data business Accuity Holdings Inc. from investment firm <a href="Investcorp" title="Investcorp">Investcorp</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Legal & Professional

</td>

<td>2012-03

</td>

<td><a href="Law360" title="Law360">Law360</a>, a US-based online provider of legal information and analysis<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Elsevier

</td>

<td>2013-04

</td>

<td><a href="Mendeley" title="Mendeley">Mendeley</a>, a London-based desktop and web program for managing and sharing research papers, discovering research data and collaborating online<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed but up to $100M

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions

</td>

<td>2013-09

</td>

<td>Mapflow, a Dublin-based group that helps insurance companies assess geographic risk, in particular in relation to flooding<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions

</td>

<td>2014-04

</td>

<td>Tracesmart, a UK-based provider of tracing, identity verification, fraud prevention and anti-money laundering software<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions

</td>

<td>2014-05

</td>

<td>Wunelli, a telematics data business which uses driving data for insurers, enabling them to reduce risk exposure and deliver discounts to safer drivers<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>

</td>

<td>£25m

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Accuity

</td>

<td>2014-09

</td>

<td>Fircosoft, a Paris-based anti-money laundering company<a href="#cite_note-ft.com-36">[36]</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Euro" title="Euro">€</a>150M

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions

</td>

<td>2014-11

</td>

<td>Health Market Science (HMS), a supplier of high quality data about US healthcare professionals<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions

</td>

<td>2015-01

</td>

<td>BAIR Analytics, a US-based law enforcement data company<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Legal & Professional

</td>

<td>2015-07

</td>

<td>MLex, a media organization providing exclusive analysis and commentary on regulatory risk<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Business Information

</td>

<td>2015-10

</td>

<td>Adaptris, a fast-growing supply chain integration business<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Legal & Professional

</td>

<td>2015-11

</td>

<td><a href="Lex_Machina" title="Lex Machina">Lex Machina</a>, a US-based online provider of legal analytics<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions

</td>

<td>2016-07

</td>

<td>Insurance Initiatives, Ltd. (IIL), a business which provides a data distribution platform that extracts, hosts and processes large quantities of data to deliver information predominantly into the point-of-quote in the UK's Property & Casualty Insurance industry.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Legal & Professional

</td>

<td>2017-06

</td>

<td>Ravel Law, a San Francisco-based legal analytics company<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions

</td>

<td>2018-01

</td>

<td>ThreatMetrix, one of the largest repositories of online digital identities in the world

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Reed Exhibitions

</td>

<td>2018-02

</td>

<td><a href="Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Gamer Network</a>, a mass media video game journalism company<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions

</td>

<td>2020-01

</td>

<td>ID Analytics <a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>

</td>

<td>$375m

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions

</td>

<td>2020-02

</td>

<td>Emailage<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>

</td>

<td>$480m

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Elsevier

</td>

<td>2020-08

</td>

<td>Scibite<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>

</td>

<td>£65m

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Elsevier

</td>

<td>2022-06

</td>

<td><a href="Interfolio" title="Interfolio">Interfolio</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>RX

</td>

<td>2023-07

</td>

<td>Corp Events<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>

</td>

<td>Undisclosed

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Significant_divestments">Significant divestments</h4></div>

In February 1997, Reed Elsevier divested its trade publishing group (including <a href="Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">Heinemann</a>, <a href="Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen</a>, <a href="Harvill_Secker" title="Harvill Secker">Secker & Warburg</a>, <a href="Sinclair-Stevenson" title="Sinclair-Stevenson">Sinclair-Stevenson</a>, Mandarin, Minerva and Cedar) to <a href="Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 1998, Reed Elsevier sold the children's divisions of Heinemann, Methuen, <a href="Hamlyn_(publishers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamlyn (publishers)">Hamlyn</a> and Mammoth to the <a href="Egmont_Group" title="Egmont Group">Egmont Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a>

In February 2007, the company announced its intention to sell Harcourt, its educational publishing division.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> On 4 May 2007 <a href="Pearson_PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson PLC">Pearson</a>, the international education and information company, announced that it had agreed to acquire <a href="Harcourt_Assessment" title="Harcourt Assessment">Harcourt Assessment</a> and Harcourt Education International from Reed Elsevier for $950m in cash.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In July 2007, Reed Elsevier announced its agreement to sell the remaining Harcourt Education business, including international imprint <a href="Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">Heinemann</a>, to <a href="Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a> for $4 billion in cash and stock.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a>

Between 2006 and 2019, in 65 separate deals, the company systematically sold its 300 print, business to business magazine titles, reducing the proportion of print revenues from 51% to 9%.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Advertising, which had been the largest source of revenues when RELX was founded, represented just 1% of sales in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>

In July 2009, Reed Elsevier announced its intention to sell most of its North American trade publications, including <a href="Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a>, <a href="Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting & Cable</a>, and <a href="Multichannel_News" title="Multichannel News">Multichannel News</a>, although it planned to retain <a href="Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Sister publication <a href="Video_Business" title="Video Business">Video Business</a> to Variety was closed in January 2010.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>

In April 2010, Reed Elsevier announced that it had sold 21 US magazines to other owners in recent months, and that an additional 23 US trade magazines, including Restaurants & Institutions, Hotels, and Trade Show Week would cease publication. The closures were mostly due to the weak economy including an advertising slump.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>

Variety, the company's last remaining North American title, was sold in October 2012.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a>

In 2014, Reed Business Information sold BuyerZone, an online marketplace; emedia, an American provider of research for IT buyers and vendors; and a majority stake in <a href="Reed_Construction_Data" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed Construction Data">Reed Construction Data</a>, a provider of construction data.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a>

In 2016, RELX sold Elsevier Weekly and BeleggersBelangen in the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a>

In 2017, the company sold <a href="New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a>

In January 2019, RBI sold its Dutch agricultural media and selected international agricultural media portfolio (including <a href="Poultry_World" title="Poultry World">Poultry World</a>) to Doorakkeren BV.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>

In August 2019, <a href="Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight International</a> and <a href="FlightGlobal" title="FlightGlobal">FlightGlobal</a> were sold to <a href="DVV_Media_Group" title="DVV Media Group">DVV Media Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a>

In December 2019, RBI announced plans to sell the <a href="Farmers_Weekly" title="Farmers Weekly">Farmers Weekly</a> magazine title, website and related platforms, events and awards to MA Agriculture Limited, part of the Mark Allen Group.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-02Jan2020-69">[69]</a>

In May 2024, RX sold the <a href="Gamer_Network" title="Gamer Network">Gamer Network</a> to <a href="IGN_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="IGN Entertainment">IGN Entertainment</a>, division of <a href="Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. However, it retained the <a href="EGX_(expo)" title="EGX (expo)">EGX</a> convention and Popverse.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations_and_market_segments">Operations and market segments</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific,_Technical_&_Medical">Scientific, Technical & Medical</h3></div>

RELX's Scientific, Technical & Medical business provides information, analytics and tools that help investors make decisions that improve scientific and healthcare outcomes. It operates under the name of Elsevier:

<a href="ScienceDirect" title="ScienceDirect">ScienceDirect</a>, an online database of primary research, contains 18 million documents.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a>

<a href="Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a> is a bibliographic database containing abstracts and citations for academic journal articles. It contains more than 50 million items in more than 20,000 titles from 5,000 publishers worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a>

<a href="Mendeley" title="Mendeley">Mendeley</a> is a desktop and web program for managing and sharing research papers, discovering research data and collaborating online.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a>

Elsevier is the world's largest publisher of academic articles. It published 600,000 articles in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Its best-known titles are <a href="The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a> and <a href="Cell_(journal)" title="Cell (journal)">Cell</a>. In 1995, Forbes magazine (wrongly) predicted Elsevier would be "the first victim of the internet" as it was disrupted and disintermediated by the World Wide Web.<a href="#cite_note-ftnov15-76">[76]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Risk_Management">Risk Management</h3></div>

LexisNexis Risk Solutions provide decision-making tools which help banks spot money launderers and insurance companies weed out fraudulent claims.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a>

The business claims to have saved the state of Florida more than $60 million a year by preventing benefit fraud.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Accuity_Inc.">Accuity Inc.</h4></div>

Accuity provides financial crime compliance software<a href="#cite_note-Vasagar-79">[79]</a> which allows institutions to comply with sanctions and anti-money laundering compliance programmes.<a href="#cite_note-O’Murchu-80">[80]</a> It offers Know Your Customer, <a href="Know_your_customer" title="Know your customer">KYC</a>, online subscription-based data and software for the financial services industry.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-81">[81]</a> The company's services include helping banks and financial institutions screen for high risk customers and transactions,<a href="#cite_note-Cutter-82">[82]</a> and providing databases such as Bankers Almanac which allows clients to find and validate bank payment routing data.<a href="#cite_note-O’Murchu-80">[80]</a> Accuity serves financial services clients worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-81">[81]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cirium">Cirium</h4></div>

Cirium (previously known as FlightGlobal) provides data and aviation analytics products to the aviation, finance and travel industries.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal">Legal</h3></div>

RELX's legal business operates under the <a href="LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">LexisNexis</a> brand. Many of LexisNexis' brands date back to the nineteenth century or earlier. These include <a href="LexisNexis#LexisNexis_UK" title="LexisNexis">Butterworths</a> and <a href="Tolley_(company)" title="Tolley (company)">Tolley</a> in the UK and JurisClasseur in France.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In 2019, 85% of its revenues were electronic. The LexisNexis legal and news database contains 119 billion documents and records.<a href="#cite_note-:0-85">[85]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h3></div>

RELX's exhibitions business is called RX, formerly Reed Exhibitions until 2021.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> It is the world's largest exhibitions company, running 500 shows for 140,000 exhibitors and 7 million visitors.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-FD-dec15-88">[88]</a>

ReedPop, part of RX, organises <a href="Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a> events including <a href="New_York_Comic_Con" title="New York Comic Con">New York Comic Con</a> and <a href="PAX_(event)" title="PAX (event)">PAX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In February 2018, ReedPop acquired <a href="Gamer_Network" title="Gamer Network">Gamer Network</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> a British <a href="Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass media</a> company that owns a number of <a href="Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">video game journalism</a> sites including <a href="Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a>, <a href="Rock_Paper_Shotgun" title="Rock Paper Shotgun">Rock Paper Shotgun</a> and <a href="VG247" class="mw-redirect" title="VG247">VG247</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Ecommerce store The Haul focused on <a href="Pop_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop culture">pop culture</a> <a href="Souvenir" title="Souvenir">memorabilia</a> and <a href="Merchandising" title="Merchandising">merchandise</a> was launched in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Popverse, a popular culture website, was founded in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2></div>

As of 2021, the board of directors consisted of:<a href="#cite_note-Board-94">[94]</a>

<ul><li>Chair: <a href="Paul_Walker_(businessman)" title="Paul Walker (businessman)">Paul Walker</a></li>

<li>Chief Executive: <a href="Erik_Engstr%C3%B6m" title="Erik Engström">Erik Engström</a></li>

<li>Chief Financial Officer: Nick Luff</li>

<li>Non-executive directors:

<ul><li><a href="Wolfhart_Hauser" title="Wolfhart Hauser">Wolfhart Hauser</a></li>

<li>Robert MacLeod</li>

<li>Charlotte Hogg</li>

<li>June Felix</li>

<li>Marike van Lier Lels</li>

<li>Linda Sanford</li>

<li>Andrew Sukawaty</li>

<li>Suzanne Wood</li></ul></li></ul>

In 2019, Harvard Business Review ranked Erik Engström the world's 11th best performing CEO.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a>

In August 2020, RELX announced Sir Anthony Habgood would retire as Chair, to be replaced by Paul Walker in the first half of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_strategy">Corporate strategy</h3></div>

From 2011 to 2014, the average annual value of acquisitions was about $300m.<a href="#cite_note-ft.com-36">[36]</a> The predictability of the company's results in recent years has led to a re-rating of the shares.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_performance">Financial performance</h3></div>

<th>RELX Combined<a href="#cite_note-20F2017-3">[3]</a></th>

<th>2024

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>Revenue (£m)</td>

<td>9,434

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Adjusted operating profit (£m)</td>

<td>3,199

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Adjusted EPS (p)</td>

<td>120.1p

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_responsibility">Social responsibility</h3></div>

The RELX Environmental Challenge awards grants to projects advancing access to safe water and sanitation.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a>

In 2019, Mike Walsh, CEO of LexisNexis, was honoured by the UN Foundation with a Global Leadership award for the company's work in advancing the Rule of Law - recognizing the company's commitment to strengthening equality under law, transparency of law, independent judiciaries and accessible legal remedy.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>

The Elsevier Foundation supports libraries in developing countries, women scientists and nursing facilities.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In 2016 it committed $1m a year, for 3 years, to programmes encouraging diversity in science, technology and medicine and promoting science research in developing countries.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a>

Programmes operated by LexisNexis Legal & Professional include:

<ul><li>With the <a href="Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a>, launching the first draft of the Global Rule of Law Business Principles which will help businesses, law firms and NGOs promote and uphold the <a href="Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li>

<li>With the International Bar Association, launching an application called eyeWitness to Atrocities, designed to capture GPS coordinates, date and time stamps, sensory and movement data, and the location of nearby objects such as <a href="Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> networks. The technology also creates a secure chain of custody to help verify that the images and video has not been edited or digitally manipulated. The goal is to create content that can be used in a court of law to prosecute perpetrators of atrocities and human rights abuses.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li></ul>

Programmes operated by LexisNexis Risk Solutions include:

<ul><li>The ADAM (Automated Delivery of Alerts on Missing Children) programme in the US, developed by employees in 2000, which assists in the recovery of missing children through a system of targeted alerts.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> As of 2017 the programme has helped trace 177 missing children.<a href="#cite_note-20F2017-3">[3]</a></li>

<li>Social Media Monitor, which assists law enforcement officials in investigating serious crimes such as drug dealing and human trafficking.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Elsevier#Criticism_and_controversies" title="Elsevier">Elsevier § Criticism and controversies</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mercury_contamination_in_Grassy_Narrows">Mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Mercury_contamination_in_Grassy_Narrows" title="Mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows">Mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows</a></div>

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="Dryden_Mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryden Mill">Dryden Mill</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="Wabigoon_River" title="Wabigoon River">Wabigoon River</a> as it exits the <a href="Wabigoon_Lake" title="Wabigoon Lake">Wabigoon Lake</a>.</div></div></div></div></div>

The mercury contamination of the <a href="Wabigoon_River" title="Wabigoon River">Wabigoon River</a> in Ontario Canada by a corporate subsidiary between 1962 and 1970 was "one of the worst cases of environmental poisoning in Canadian history."<a href="#cite_note-Lancet_Philibert_20200401-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-RCNE_198506282-109">[109]</a> Reed sold the <a href="Dryden_Mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryden Mill">Dryden Mill</a> to Great Lakes Forest Products in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-RCNE_198506282-109">[109]</a> As of 2017, <a href="Asubpeeschoseewagong_First_Nation" title="Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation">Grassy Narrows First Nation</a> chief Simon Fobister stated that the river remained highly contaminated.<a href="#cite_note-Macleans_Forbes_20170228-110">[110]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_journal_prices">Academic journal prices</h3></div>

Reed Elsevier has been criticised for the high prices of its journals and services, especially those published by Elsevier. It has also supported <a href="SOPA" class="mw-redirect" title="SOPA">SOPA</a>, <a href="Personal_Information_Protection_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Information Protection Act">PIPA</a> and the <a href="Research_Works_Act" title="Research Works Act">Research Works Act</a>, although it no longer supports the last. Because of this, members of the scientific community have boycotted Elsevier journals. In January 2012, the boycott gained an online pledge and petition (<a href="The_Cost_of_Knowledge" title="The Cost of Knowledge">The Cost of Knowledge</a>) initiated by mathematician and <a href="Fields_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fields medal">Fields medalist</a> Sir <a href="Timothy_Gowers" title="Timothy Gowers">Timothy Gowers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The movement has received support from noted science bloggers, such as biologist <a href="Jonathan_Eisen" title="Jonathan Eisen">Jonathan Eisen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Between 2012 and February 2023, about 20,500 scientists signed The Cost of Knowledge boycott.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_UC_system_negotiations">2019 UC system negotiations</h3></div>

On 28 February 2019, following long negotiations, the <a href="University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> announced it would be terminating all subscriptions with Elsevier.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> On 16 March 2021, following further negotiations and significant changes including (i) universal open access to University of California research and (ii) containing the "excessively high costs" being charged by publishers, the university renewed its subscription.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy">Privacy</h3></div>

As a <a href="Data_broker" title="Data broker">data broker</a> Reed Elsevier collected, used, and sold data on millions of consumers.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In 2005, a <a href="Computer_security" title="Computer security">security breach</a> occurred through a recently purchased subsidiary, Seisint, which allowed identity thieves to steal the records of at least 316,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-seisint-settlement-117">[117]</a> The database contained names, current and prior addresses, dates of birth, drivers license numbers and <a href="Social_Security_number" title="Social Security number">Social Security numbers</a>, among other data obtained from credit reporting agencies and other sources. In 2008 the company settled an action taken against it by the <a href="Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> for multiple failures of security practice in how the data was stored and protected. The settlement required Reed Elsevier and Seisint to establish and maintain a comprehensive security program to protect nonpublic personal information.<a href="#cite_note-seisint-settlement-117">[117]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_exhibitions">Defence exhibitions</h3></div>

Between 2005 and 2007, members of the medical and scientific communities, which purchase and use many journals published by Reed Elsevier, agitated for the company to cut its links to the arms trade. Two UK academics, Tom Stafford of <a href="Sheffield_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield University">Sheffield University</a> and Nick Gill, launched petitions calling for it to stop organising arms fairs.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> A subsidiary, Spearhead, organised defence shows, including an event where it was reported that <a href="Cluster_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster bombs">cluster bombs</a> and extremely powerful <a href="Riot_control" title="Riot control">riot control</a> equipment were offered for sale.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In February 2007 <a href="Richard_Smith_(editor)" title="Richard Smith (editor)">Richard Smith</a>, former editor of the <a href="British_Medical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="British Medical Journal">British Medical Journal</a>, published an editorial in the <a href="Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine" title="Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine">Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</a> arguing that Reed Elsevier's involvement in both the arms trade and medical publishing constituted a conflict of interest.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Subsequently, in June the company announced that they would be exiting the defence exhibition business during the second half of the year.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaboration_with_U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_(ICE)">Collaboration with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)</h3></div>

In November 2019, legal scholars and <a href="Human_rights_activists" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights activists">human rights activists</a> called on RELX to cease work with <a href="U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> because their product <a href="LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">LexisNexis</a> directly contributes to the <a href="Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a> of <a href="Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigrants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_for_fossil_fuel_expansion">Support for fossil fuel expansion</h3></div>

An article in <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> in February 2022 revealed that Elsevier products and services support expanding the production aims of the fossil fuel industry. The company disclosed that it is "not prepared to draw a line between the transition away from fossil fuels and the expansion of oil and gas extraction."<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In response, the Union of Concerned Scientists and Scientists for Global Responsibility launched a petition in 2022, and issued a response to the company's reply in 2023. UCS noted in a blog post that "Elsevier and RELX claimed to be focused on a transition to clean energy. Given the services Elsevier and RELX continue to provide, these claims are demonstrably false."<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Scientists for Global Responsibility also noted on their website that the company's "actions fall short of meeting the standards set in their own pledges"<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> and pointed campaigners to the website of Climate Rights Coalition,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> which revealed such concerns had been raised by employees years prior.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a>

<ul><li> <a href="Portal%3ACompanies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div>

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<li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFUC_Office_of_the_President2019" class="citation web cs1">UC Office of the President (28 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190305103252/https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-terminates-subscriptions-worlds-largest-scientific-publisher-push-open-access-publicly">"UC terminates subscriptions with world's largest scientific publisher in push for open access to publicly funded research"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-terminates-subscriptions-worlds-largest-scientific-publisher-push-open-access-publicly">the original</a> on 5 March 2019.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFClimate_Rights_Coalition" class="citation web cs1">Climate Rights Coalition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012185403/https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/">"Climate Rights Coalition homepage"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/">the original</a> on 12 October 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFClimate_Rights_Coalition" class="citation web cs1">Climate Rights Coalition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231017013259/https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/advocacy">"Climate Rights Coalition advocacy page"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/advocacy">the original</a> on 17 October 2023.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div>

<dl><dt>General references</dt></dl>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/life/badscience/story/0,,2010036,00.html">Guardian Unlimited, "Bad Science" by Ben Goldacre</a> about Open Access and DSEI arms trade</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050627025717/http://www.ketupa.net//elsevier2.htm">ketupa.net media profile: Reed Elsevier</a> historical overview</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/global/2002/1111/044.html">"Double Dutch No Longer"</a>—in-depth article about the company from 2002 (Forbes.com)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfo-insight.com/human-capital-career/executive-change/duncan-palmer-becomes-reed-elsevier-cfo/">"Duncan Palmer Becomes Reed Elsevier CFO"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150606070634/http://www.cfo-insight.com/human-capital-career/executive-change/duncan-palmer-becomes-reed-elsevier-cfo/">Archived</a> 6 June 2015 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>—Online article about the new CFO of Reed Elsevier, accessed 09/17/2012</li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li>Business data for RELX plc London stock: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/REL.L">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000929869">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/REL.L">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li>

<li>Business data for RELX plc Amsterdam stock: <div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/AMS:REN">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000929872">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/REN.AS">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li></ul>

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</style><div id="RELX168" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">Imprints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a></li>

<li><a href="Butterworth-Heinemann" title="Butterworth-Heinemann">Butterworth-Heinemann</a></li>

<li><a href="Cell_Press" title="Cell Press">Cell Press</a></li>

<li><a href="Churchill_Livingstone" title="Churchill Livingstone">Churchill Livingstone</a></li>

<li><a href="Masson_(publisher)" title="Masson (publisher)">Masson</a></li>

<li><a href="Medicine_Publishing" title="Medicine Publishing">Medicine Publishing</a></li>

<li><a href="Morgan_Kaufmann_Publishers" title="Morgan Kaufmann Publishers">Morgan Kaufmann Publishers</a></li>

<li><a href="Mosby_(imprint)" title="Mosby (imprint)">Mosby</a></li>

<li><a href="Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon</a></li>

<li><a href="Saunders_(imprint)" title="Saunders (imprint)">Saunders</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Andrew_(publisher)" title="William Andrew (publisher)">William Andrew</a></li>

<li><a href="Woodhead_Publishing" title="Woodhead Publishing">Woodhead Publishing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biochimica_et_Biophysica_Acta" title="Biochimica et Biophysica Acta">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta</a></li>

<li><a href="Current_Opinion_(Elsevier)" title="Current Opinion (Elsevier)">Current Opinion</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Journal_of_Allergy_and_Clinical_Immunology" title="The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology">The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></li>

<li><a href="Tetrahedron_(journal)" title="Tetrahedron (journal)">Tetrahedron</a></li>

<li><a href="Trends_(journals)" title="Trends (journals)">Trends</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Elsevier_periodicals" title="List of Elsevier periodicals">List of Elsevier periodicals</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bepress" title="Bepress">Bepress</a></li>

<li><a href="Ei_Compendex" title="Ei Compendex">Ei Compendex</a></li>

<li><a href="Embase" title="Embase">Embase</a></li>

<li><a href="GEOBASE" title="GEOBASE">GEOBASE</a></li>

<li><a href="Mendeley" title="Mendeley">Mendeley</a></li>

<li><a href="Reaxys" title="Reaxys">Reaxys</a></li>

<li><a href="ScienceDirect" title="ScienceDirect">ScienceDirect</a></li>

<li><a href="Scirus" title="Scirus">Scirus</a> (defunct)</li>

<li><a href="Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">LexisNexis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal and Professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CaseMap" title="CaseMap">CaseMap</a></li>

<li><a href="Martindale-Hubbell" title="Martindale-Hubbell">Martindale-Hubbell</a></li>

<li><a href="Quicklaw" title="Quicklaw">Quicklaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Shepard's_Citations" title="Shepard's Citations">Shepard's Citations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Risk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Estates_Gazette" title="Estates Gazette">Estates Gazette</a></li>

<li><a href="LexisNexis_Risk_Solutions" title="LexisNexis Risk Solutions">LexisNexis Risk Solutions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Reed_Exhibitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed Exhibitions">RX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arabian_Travel_Market" title="Arabian Travel Market">Arabian Travel Market</a></li>

<li><a href="Equitana" title="Equitana">Equitana</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Gaming_Expo" title="Global Gaming Expo">Global Gaming Expo</a></li>

<li><a href="London_Book_Fair" title="London Book Fair">London Book Fair</a></li>

<li><a href="MIPCOM" title="MIPCOM">MIPCOM</a></li>

<li><a href="MIPTV_Media_Market" title="MIPTV Media Market">MIPTV Media Market</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Hardware_Show" title="National Hardware Show">National Hardware Show</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ReedPop</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chicago_Comic_%26_Entertainment_Expo" title="Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo">Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo</a></li>

<li><a href="Emerald_City_Comic_Con" title="Emerald City Comic Con">Emerald City Comic Con</a></li>

<li><a href="Florida_Supercon" title="Florida Supercon">Florida Supercon</a></li>

<li><a href="MCM_London_Comic_Con" class="mw-redirect" title="MCM London Comic Con">MCM London Comic Con</a></li>

<li><a href="New_York_Comic_Con" title="New York Comic Con">New York Comic Con</a></li>

<li><a href="Star_Wars_Celebration" title="Star Wars Celebration">Star Wars Celebration</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px">

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_AEX_companies_of_the_Netherlands166" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_AEX_companies_of_the_Netherlands166" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands"></a> <a href="AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX</a> companies of the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Adyen" title="Adyen">Adyen</a></li>

<li><a href="Aegon_N.V." class="mw-redirect" title="Aegon N.V.">Aegon</a></li>

<li><a href="Ahold_Delhaize" title="Ahold Delhaize">Ahold Delhaize</a></li>

<li><a href="AkzoNobel" title="AkzoNobel">AkzoNobel</a></li>

<li><a href="ArcelorMittal" title="ArcelorMittal">ArcelorMittal</a></li>

<li><a href="ASM_International" title="ASM International">ASM International</a></li>

<li><a href="ASR_Nederland" title="ASR Nederland">ASR Nederland</a></li>

<li><a href="BE_Semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="BE Semiconductor">BE Semiconductor</a></li>

<li><a href="DSM_Firmenich" class="mw-redirect" title="DSM Firmenich">DSM Firmenich</a></li>

<li><a href="Heineken_N.V." title="Heineken N.V.">Heineken</a></li>

<li><a href="NN_Group" title="NN Group">NN Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a></li>

<li><a href="Prosus" title="Prosus">Prosus</a></li>

<li><a href="Randstad_NV" title="Randstad NV">Randstad</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a></li>

<li><a href="Wolters_Kluwer" title="Wolters Kluwer">Wolters Kluwer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom412" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom412" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="UK_national_newspapers,_magazines,_and_other_periodicals412" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK national newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Newspapers(history,_circulation)213" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom">Newspapers</a> (<a href="History_of_British_newspapers" title="History of British newspapers">history</a>, <a href="List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation">circulation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">Compact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="The_i_Paper" title="The i Paper">The i Paper</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Middle-market_newspaper" title="Middle-market newspaper">Middle-market</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></li>

<li><a href="Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">Tabloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a></li>

<li><a href="Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Sunday_People" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday People">The Sunday People</a></li>

<li><a href="Daily_Star_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Star (United Kingdom)">Daily Star</a></li>

<li><a href="Daily_Star_Sunday" title="Daily Star Sunday">Daily Star Sunday</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunday_Sport" title="Sunday Sport">Sunday Sport</a></li>

<li><a href="Weekend_Sport_(tabloid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend Sport (tabloid)">Weekend Sport</a></li>

<li><a href="Midweek_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Midweek Sport">Midweek Sport</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Online</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="5Pillars" title="5Pillars">5Pillars</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and other periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_magazines_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines in the United Kingdom">List of magazines in the United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_magazines_by_circulation#United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines by circulation">List of magazines by circulation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Radio_in_the_UK412" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#National_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">National stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dd><a href="BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">BBC Radio 1Xtra</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">BBC Radio 6 Music</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">BBC Asian Network</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_National_DAB" title="BBC National DAB">BBC National DAB</a> (multiplex)</dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Independent_National_Radio" title="Independent National Radio">Independent / commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dd><a href="Absolute_Radio_Network" title="Absolute Radio Network">Absolute Radio Network</a></dd>

<dd><a href="British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">BFBS Radio</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Capital_(radio_network)" title="Capital (radio network)">Capital</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Capital_Xtra" title="Capital Xtra">Capital Xtra</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Digital_One" title="Digital One">Digital One</a> (multiplex)</dd>

<dd><a href="Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Heart_(radio_network)" title="Heart (radio network)">Heart</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kiss_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss Network">Kiss Network</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Magic_Classical" title="Magic Classical">Magic Classical</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a></dd>

<dd><a href="RNIB_Connect_Radio" title="RNIB Connect Radio">RNIB Connect Radio</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sound_Digital" title="Sound Digital">Sound Digital</a> (multiplex)</dd>

<dd><a href="Smooth_Radio_(2014)" title="Smooth Radio (2014)">Smooth Radio</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Talksport" title="Talksport">talkSPORT</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Talk_(streaming_service)" title="Talk (streaming service)">TalkRadio</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Times_Radio" title="Times Radio">Times Radio</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">Virgin Radio UK</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Radio_X_(United_Kingdom)" title="Radio X (United Kingdom)">Radio X</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Local_and_regional_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">Regional and local stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dd><a href="List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#BBC_Local_Radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of BBC Local Radio stations</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">BBC Radio Foyle</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a>

<dl><dd><a href="BBC_Radio_Cymru_2" title="BBC Radio Cymru 2">Cymru 2</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Independent_Local_Radio" title="Independent Local Radio">Independent / commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Community_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of community radio stations</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Commercial_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of local commercial radio stations</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Semi-national_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of semi-national / regional analogue and digital radio stations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Hospital_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of hospital radio stations</a></li>

<li><a href="Pirate_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pirate radio in the United Kingdom">Pirate radio</a></li>

<li><a href="Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a> (RSL)

<ul><li><a href="List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#RSL_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of RSL stations</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Student_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of student radio stations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li>

<li><a href="FM_broadcasting_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="FM broadcasting in the UK">FM broadcasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio_Academy" title="Radio Academy">Radio Academy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Radio_Academy_Awards" title="Radio Academy Awards">Radio Academy Awards</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Radio_Independents_Group" title="Radio Independents Group">Radio Independents Group</a></li>

<li><a href="RAJAR" title="RAJAR">RAJAR</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_most-listened-to_radio_programs" title="List of most-listened-to radio programs">Most listened to programmes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television_in_the_UK412" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Principalchannels(list)133" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal channels (<a href="List_of_television_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of television channels in the United Kingdom">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC</a>/<a href="UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></dd>

<dd><a href="BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a></dd>

<dd><a href="CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a></dd>

<dd><a href="U%26Alibi" title="U&Alibi">U&Alibi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="U%26Drama" title="U&Drama">U&Drama</a></dd>

<dd><a href="U%26Yesterday" title="U&Yesterday">U&Yesterday</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel 4</a>/<a href="S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dd><a href="Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a></dd>

<dd><a href="E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></dd>

<dd><a href="4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="5Select" title="5Select">5Select</a></dd>

<dd><a href="5Action" title="5Action">5Action</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Comedy_Central_(British_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (British TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Comedy_Central_Extra" title="Comedy Central Extra">Comedy Central Extra</a></dd>

<dd><a href="MTV_Music_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Music (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Music</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Nickelodeon_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Nicktoons_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicktoons (British TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></dd>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dd><a href="Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Atlantic" title="Sky Atlantic">Sky Atlantic</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Cinema" title="Sky Cinema">Sky Cinema</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Comedy" title="Sky Comedy">Sky Comedy</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Crime" title="Sky Crime">Sky Crime</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Documentaries" title="Sky Documentaries">Sky Documentaries</a></dd>

<dd><a href="History_(European_TV_channel)" title="History (European TV channel)">Sky History</a></dd>

<dd><a href="H2_(A%26E_Networks)" title="H2 (A&E Networks)">Sky History 2</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Nature" title="Sky Nature">Sky Nature</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Replay" title="Sky Replay">Sky Replay</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Showcase" title="Sky Showcase">Sky Showcase</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Box_Office" title="Sky Box Office">Sky Sports Box Office</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Sports_F1" title="Sky Sports F1">Sky Sports F1</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Sports_News" title="Sky Sports News">Sky Sports News</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Sports_Racing" title="Sky Sports Racing">Sky Sports Racing</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sky_Witness_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Witness (TV channel)">Sky Witness</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dd><a href="Animal_Planet_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Planet (British TV channel)">Animal Planet</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Boomerang_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Boomerang (British and Irish TV channel)">Boomerang</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cartoon_Network_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartoon Network (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoon Network</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cartoonito_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoonito (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoonito</a></dd>

<dd><a href="CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Discovery_Channel_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Channel (British and Irish TV channel)">Discovery Channel</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Discovery_History" title="Discovery History">Discovery History</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Science (European TV channel)">Discovery Science</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Discovery_Turbo" title="Discovery Turbo">Discovery Turbo</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Investigation_Discovery_(European_TV_channel)" title="Investigation Discovery (European TV channel)">Investigation Discovery</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Quest_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quest (TV channel)">Quest</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Quest_Red" title="Quest Red">Quest Red</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Really_(TV_channel)" title="Really (TV channel)">Really</a></dd>

<dd><a href="TNT_Sports_(United_Kingdom)" title="TNT Sports (United Kingdom)">TNT Sports</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narrative Entertainment UK Limited</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dd><a href="Great!_Action" title="Great! Action">Great! Action</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">Great! Movies</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Great!_Romance" title="Great! Romance">Great! Romance</a></dd>

<dd>Great! Real</dd>

<dd><a href="Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">Great! TV</a></dd>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services and platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li>

<li><a href="BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a></li>

<li><a href="Cable_television_by_region#United_Kingdom" title="Cable television by region">cable</a></li>

<li><a href="Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital television in the United Kingdom">digital</a>

<ul><li><a href="Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">digital terrestrial</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_DTT_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of DTT channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a></li>

<li><a href="Freely" title="Freely">Freely</a></li>

<li><a href="Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a>

<ul><li><a href="Freesat%2B" title="Freesat+">Freesat+</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></li>

<li><a href="High-definition_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-definition television in the United Kingdom">high-definition</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_HD_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of HD channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="STV_Player" title="STV Player">STV Player</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Local_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local television in the United Kingdom">local television</a></li>

<li><a href="Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li>

<li><a href="Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a></li>

<li><a href="Pop_Player" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop Player">Pop Player</a></li>

<li><a href="Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_television" title="Television in the United Kingdom">satellite</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_free-to-air_channels_at_Astra_28.2%C2%B0E_(Ireland_and_the_United_Kingdom)" title="List of free-to-air channels at Astra 28.2°E (Ireland and the United Kingdom)">List of channels</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky Group</a>

<li><a href="Sky_Glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Glass">Sky Glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Sky_Stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Stream">Sky Stream</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TalkTalk TV</a></li>

<li><a href="TVPlayer" title="TVPlayer">TVPlayer</a></li>

<li><a href="Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin Media</a>

<ul><li><a href="FilmFlex" title="FilmFlex">FilmFlex</a></li>

<li><a href="YouView" title="YouView">YouView</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Analogue_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue television in the United Kingdom">analogue</a>

<ul><li><a href="Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">analogue terrestrial</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="BBC_Store" title="BBC Store">BBC Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_Digital" title="Real Digital">Real Digital</a></li>

<li><a href="Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky Group</a>

<ul><li><a href="Freesat_from_Sky" title="Freesat from Sky">Freesat from Sky</a></li>

<li><a href="On_Demand_(Sky)" title="On Demand (Sky)">On Demand</a></li>

<li><a href="TalkTalk_TV_Store" title="TalkTalk TV Store">TalkTalk TV Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin Media</a>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="3_Mills_Studios" title="3 Mills Studios">3 Mills Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House</a></li>

<li><a href="BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li>

<li><a href="BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">BBC Pacific Quay</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Bottle_Yard_Studios" title="The Bottle Yard Studios">The Bottle Yard Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcasting_House%2C_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcasting_House%2C_Bristol" title="Broadcasting House, Bristol">Broadcasting House, Bristol</a></li>

<li><a href="Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_Street_Studios" title="Gas Street Studios">Gas Street Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Leeds_Studios" title="The Leeds Studios">The Leeds Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Maidstone_Studios" title="The Maidstone Studios">The Maidstone Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li>

<li><a href="MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a></li>

<li><a href="Granada_Studios" title="Granada Studios">Old Granada Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="Riverside_Studios" title="Riverside Studios">Riverside Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Roath Lock</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Sharp_Project" title="The Sharp Project">The Sharp Project</a></li>

<li><a href="Sky_Campus" title="Sky Campus">Sky Campus</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Studios_Manchester" title="Space Studios Manchester">Space Studios Manchester</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_Centre%2C_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre, London</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Broadcasting_House%2C_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li>

<li><a href="Dickenson_Road_Studios" title="Dickenson Road Studios">Dickenson Road Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="Fountain_Studios" title="Fountain Studios">Fountain Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Hospital_Club" title="The Hospital Club">The Hospital Club</a></li>

<li><a href="Lime_Grove_Studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="Limehouse_Studios" title="Limehouse Studios">Limehouse Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="The_London_Studios" title="The London Studios">The London Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="MGM-British_Studios" title="MGM-British Studios">MGM-British Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Broadcasting_House%2C_Manchester" title="New Broadcasting House, Manchester">New Broadcasting House, Manchester</a></li>

<li><a href="Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="Teddington_Studios" title="Teddington Studios">Teddington Studios</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_Centre%2C_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne">Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_Centre%2C_Southampton" title="Television Centre, Southampton">Television Centre, Southampton</a></li>

<li><a href="Upper_Boat_Studios" title="Upper Boat Studios">Upper Boat Studios</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Television_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Television in Northern Ireland">Television in Northern Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_in_Scotland" title="Television in Scotland">in Scotland</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_in_Wales" title="Television in Wales">in Wales</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_former_TV_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of former TV channels in the United Kingdom">Defunct channels</a></li>

<li><a href="Edinburgh_International_Television_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Television Festival">Edinburgh International Television Festival</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#History" title="Television in the United Kingdom">History</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_years_in_British_television" title="List of years in British television">List of years</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Viewing_statistics" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Viewing statistics</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_most_watched_television_broadcasts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most watched television broadcasts">Most-watched broadcasts</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Banijay_UK_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Banijay UK Productions">Banijay UK Productions</a></li>

<li><a href="Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer Media Audio UK</a></li>

<li><a href="Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a></li>

<li><a href="BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Daily_Mail_and_General_Trust" title="Daily Mail and General Trust">Daily Mail and General Trust</a></li>

<li><a href="Dentsu_International" title="Dentsu International">Dentsu International</a></li>

<li><a href="Economist_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist Group">Economist Group</a></li>

<li><a href="EMI_Music_Publishing" title="EMI Music Publishing">EMI Music Publishing</a></li>

<li><a href="Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Media_%26_Entertainment" title="Global Media & Entertainment">Global Media & Entertainment</a></li>

<li><a href="Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Haymarket_Media_Group" title="Haymarket Media Group">Haymarket Media Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></li>

<li><a href="National_World" title="National World">National World</a></li>

<li><a href="News_Broadcasting" title="News Broadcasting">News Broadcasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Newsquest" title="Newsquest">Newsquest</a></li>

<li><a href="Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson plc</a></li>

<li><a href="Press_Holdings" title="Press Holdings">Press Holdings</a></li>

<li><a href="Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach plc</a></li>

<li><a href="Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></li>

<li><a href="STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV Group</a></li>

<li><a href="TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount Networks UK & Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company (UK) Ltd.</a></li>

<li><a href="Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_largest_book_publishers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of largest book publishers of the United Kingdom">List of largest UK book publishers</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government and regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)">Advertising Standards Authority</a></li>

<li><a href="BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a> (formerly: <a href="BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li>

<li><a href="Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors of the BBC</a>)</li>

<li><a href="British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></li>

<li><a href="British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li>

<li><a href="Culture%2C_Media_and_Sport_Committee" title="Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Culture, Media, and Sport Select Committee</a></li>

<li><a href="Department_for_Culture%2C_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a></li>

<li><a href="Independent_Press_Standards_Organisation" title="Independent Press Standards Organisation">Independent Press Standards Organisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li>

<li><a href="Press_Recognition_Panel" title="Press Recognition Panel">Press Recognition Panel</a></li>

<li><a href="S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C Authority</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry and trades bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcasting%2C_Entertainment%2C_Cinematograph_and_Theatre_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union">Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Clearcast" title="Clearcast">Clearcast</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_TV_Group" title="Digital TV Group">Digital TV Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">Equity</a></li>

<li><a href="Everyone_TV" title="Everyone TV">Everyone TV</a></li>

<li><a href="Federation_Against_Copyright_Theft" title="Federation Against Copyright Theft">Federation Against Copyright Theft</a></li>

<li><a href="Independent_Publishers_Guild" title="Independent Publishers Guild">Independent Publishers Guild</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">National Union of Journalists</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Publishers_Association" title="The Publishers Association">The Publishers Association</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Television_Society" title="Royal Television Society">Royal Television Society</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Film_and_Television_School" title="National Film and Television School">National Film and Television School</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Science_and_Media_Museum" title="National Science and Media Museum">National Science and Media Museum</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>Media in England

<ul><li><a href="Media_in_Birmingham" title="Media in Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_in_London" title="Media in London">London</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_in_Manchester" title="Media in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media in Scotland</a>

<ul><li><a href="Media_in_Aberdeen" title="Media in Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_in_Dundee" title="Media in Dundee">Dundee</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_in_Glasgow" title="Media in Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Media_of_Wales" title="Media of Wales">Media in Wales</a>

<ul><li><a href="Media_in_Cardiff" title="Media in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Student media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_student_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of student newspapers in the United Kingdom">Student press</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_FTSE_100_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom_→_FTSE_250248" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_FTSE_100_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom_→_FTSE_250248" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"></a> <a href="FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100</a> companies of the United Kingdom   → <a href="FTSE_250_Index" title="FTSE 250 Index">FTSE 250</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Admiral_Group" title="Admiral Group">Admiral Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Airtel_Africa" title="Airtel Africa">Airtel Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Alliance_Witan" title="Alliance Witan">Alliance Witan</a></li>

<li><a href="Anglo_American_plc" title="Anglo American plc">Anglo American</a></li>

<li><a href="Antofagasta_plc" title="Antofagasta plc">Antofagasta</a></li>

<li><a href="Ashtead_Group" title="Ashtead Group">Ashtead Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Associated_British_Foods" title="Associated British Foods">Associated British Foods</a></li>

<li><a href="AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a></li>

<li><a href="Auto_Trader_Group" title="Auto Trader Group">Auto Trader Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Aviva" title="Aviva">Aviva</a></li>

<li><a href="Babcock_International" title="Babcock International">Babcock International</a></li>

<li><a href="BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a></li>

<li><a href="Barratt_Redrow" title="Barratt Redrow">Barratt Redrow</a></li>

<li><a href="Beazley_plc" title="Beazley plc">Beazley</a></li>

<li><a href="Berkeley_Group_Holdings" title="Berkeley Group Holdings">Berkeley Group Holdings</a></li>

<li><a href="British_American_Tobacco" title="British American Tobacco">British American Tobacco</a></li>

<li><a href="BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Bunzl" title="Bunzl">Bunzl</a></li>

<li><a href="Centrica" title="Centrica">Centrica</a></li>

<li><a href="Coca-Cola_Europacific_Partners" title="Coca-Cola Europacific Partners">Coca-Cola Europacific Partners</a></li>

<li><a href="Compass_Group" title="Compass Group">Compass Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Convatec" title="Convatec">Convatec</a></li>

<li><a href="Croda_International" title="Croda International">Croda International</a></li>

<li><a href="Diageo" title="Diageo">Diageo</a></li>

<li><a href="Diploma_plc" title="Diploma plc">Diploma</a></li>

<li><a href="EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a></li>

<li><a href="Endeavour_Mining" title="Endeavour Mining">Endeavour Mining</a></li>

<li><a href="Entain" title="Entain">Entain</a></li>

<li><a href="Experian" title="Experian">Experian</a></li>

<li><a href="F_%26_C_Investment_Trust" title="F & C Investment Trust">F & C Investment Trust</a></li>

<li><a href="Fresnillo_plc" title="Fresnillo plc">Fresnillo</a></li>

<li><a href="Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a></li>

<li><a href="Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore</a></li>

<li><a href="Haleon" title="Haleon">Haleon</a></li>

<li><a href="Halma_plc" title="Halma plc">Halma</a></li>

<li><a href="Hikma_Pharmaceuticals" title="Hikma Pharmaceuticals">Hikma Pharmaceuticals</a></li>

<li><a href="Hiscox" title="Hiscox">Hiscox</a></li>

<li><a href="Howdens_Joinery" title="Howdens Joinery">Howdens Joinery</a></li>

<li><a href="IHG_Hotels_%26_Resorts" title="IHG Hotels & Resorts">IHG Hotels & Resorts</a></li>

<li><a href="Imperial_Brands" title="Imperial Brands">Imperial Brands</a></li>

<li><a href="Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Airlines_Group" title="International Airlines Group">International Airlines Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Intertek" title="Intertek">Intertek</a></li>

<li><a href="JD_Sports" title="JD Sports">JD Sports</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingfisher_plc" title="Kingfisher plc">Kingfisher</a></li>

<li><a href="Landsec" title="Landsec">Land Securities</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_%26_General" title="Legal & General">Legal & General</a></li>

<li><a href="Lloyds_Banking_Group" title="Lloyds Banking Group">Lloyds Banking Group</a></li>

<li><a href="LondonMetric_Property" title="LondonMetric Property">LondonMetric Property</a></li>

<li><a href="London_Stock_Exchange_Group" title="London Stock Exchange Group">London Stock Exchange Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a></li>

<li><a href="Melrose_Industries" title="Melrose Industries">Melrose Industries</a></li>

<li><a href="Mondi" title="Mondi">Mondi</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Grid_plc" title="National Grid plc">National Grid</a></li>

<li><a href="NatWest_Group" title="NatWest Group">NatWest Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson</a></li>

<li><a href="Pershing_Square_Holdings" title="Pershing Square Holdings">Pershing Square Holdings</a></li>

<li><a href="Persimmon_plc" title="Persimmon plc">Persimmon</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenix_Group" title="Phoenix Group">Phoenix Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Polar_Capital_Technology_Trust" title="Polar Capital Technology Trust">Polar Capital Technology Trust</a></li>

<li><a href="Prudential_plc" title="Prudential plc">Prudential</a></li>

<li><a href="Reckitt" title="Reckitt">Reckitt</a></li>

<li><a href="Rentokil_Initial" title="Rentokil Initial">Rentokil Initial</a></li>

<li><a href="Rightmove" title="Rightmove">Rightmove</a></li>

<li><a href="Rio_Tinto_(corporation)" title="Rio Tinto (corporation)">Rio Tinto</a></li>

<li><a href="Rolls-Royce_Holdings" title="Rolls-Royce Holdings">Rolls-Royce</a></li>

<li><a href="Sage_Group" title="Sage Group">Sage Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Sainsbury's" title="Sainsbury's">J Sainsbury</a></li>

<li><a href="Schroders" title="Schroders">Schroders</a></li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Mortgage_Investment_Trust" title="Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust">Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust</a></li>

<li><a href="Segro" title="Segro">Segro</a></li>

<li><a href="Severn_Trent" title="Severn Trent">Severn Trent</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Smith_%26_Nephew" title="Smith & Nephew">Smith & Nephew</a></li>

<li><a href="Smiths_Group" title="Smiths Group">Smiths Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirax_Group" title="Spirax Group">Spirax Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_Chartered" title="Standard Chartered">Standard Chartered</a></li>

<li><a href="St._James's_Place_plc" title="St. James's Place plc">St. James's Place</a></li>

<li><a href="Taylor_Wimpey" title="Taylor Wimpey">Taylor Wimpey</a></li>

<li><a href="Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a></li>

<li><a href="Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Utilities" title="United Utilities">United Utilities</a></li>

<li><a href="Unite_Students" title="Unite Students">Unite Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a></li>

<li><a href="Weir_Group" title="Weir Group">Weir Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Whitbread" title="Whitbread">Whitbread</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q998470#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q998470#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404224255">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2146332790918730135">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124668066">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1126209309">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2016008234">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008435484&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/cfa26c7d-c7e1-4d76-b0c8-ee78172f1e80">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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